Top down, bottom up

Bottom-up, top-down

Bottom-Up Beats Top-Down

In PEPA, the calculation of the transitions enabled by a process accounts for a large part of the time for the state space exploration of the underlying Markov chain. Unlike other approaches based on recursion, we present a new technique that is iterative—it traverses the process’ binary tree from the sequential components at the leaves up to the root. Empirical results shows that this algorith...

When bottom-up meets top-down.

Studying the intriguing question of how words or pictures are encoded, processed and stored has been a long-standing problem in cognition. Both the written word frog, and a picture of the animal, can lead to an observer to say /frog/, or otherwise to the association that frogs leap, croak, need water, etc. Two different types of account have been formulated to explain word and picture processin...

Combining Bottom-Up and Top-Down

We motivate the formulation of market equilibrium as a mixed complementarity problem which explicitly represents weak inequalities and complementarity between decision variables and equilibrium conditions. The complementarity format permits an energy-economy model to combine technological detail of a bottom-up energy system with a second-best characterization of the overall economy. Our primary...

Top-down control and bottom-up priming

The present study explored the mechanisms involved in the contingent capture phenomenon using a variant of the classic precueing paradigm of Folk et al. (1992). Rather than keeping the target fixed over a whole block of trials (as traditionally done with contingent capture experiments), we encouraged participants to adopt a top-down set before each trial. If top-down attentional set determines ...